Publications

@article{Zhang2023,

title = {Optimizing NV magnetometry for Magnetoneurography and Magnetomyography applications},

author = {Chen Zhang and Jixing Zhang and Matthias Widmann and Magnus Benke and Michael K\"{u}bler and Durga Dasari and Thomas Klotz and Leonardo Gizzi and Oliver R\"{o}hrle and Philipp Brenner and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1034391},

issn = {1662-453X},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},

volume = {Volume 16 - 2022},

abstract = {Magnetometers based on color centers in diamond are setting new frontiers for sensing capabilities due to their combined extraordinary performances in sensitivity, bandwidth, dynamic range, and spatial resolution, with stable operability in a wide range of conditions ranging from room to low temperatures. This has allowed for its wide range of applications, from biology and chemical studies to industrial applications. Among the many, sensing of bio-magnetic fields from muscular and neurophysiology has been one of the most attractive applications for NV magnetometry due to its compact and proximal sensing capability. Although SQUID magnetometers and optically pumped magnetometers (OPM) have made huge progress in Magnetomyography (MMG) and Magnetoneurography (MNG), exploring the same with NV magnetometry is scant at best. Given the room temperature operability and gradiometric applications of the NV magnetometer, it could be highly sensitive in the $mathrmpT/sqrtHz$-range even without magnetic shielding, bringing it close to industrial applications. The presented work here elaborates on the performance metrics of these magnetometers to the state-of-the-art techniques by analyzing the sensitivity, dynamic range, and bandwidth, and discusses the potential benefits of using NV magnetometers for MMG and MNG applications.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zhang2021,

title = {Diamond Magnetometry and Gradiometry Towards Subpicotesla dc Field Measurement},

author = {Chen Zhang and Farida Shagieva and Matthias Widmann and Michael K\"{u}bler and Vadim Vorobyov and Polina Kapitanova and Elizaveta Nenasheva and Ruth Corkill and Oliver Rhrle and Kazuo Nakamura and Hitoshi Sumiya and Shinobu Onoda and Junichi Isoya and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.15.064075},

doi = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.15.064075},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-01},

journal = {Physical Review Applied},

volume = {15},

number = {6},

pages = {64075},

publisher = {American Physical Society},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nagy2021,

title = {Narrow inhomogeneous distribution of spin-active emitters in silicon carbide},

author = {Roland Nagy and Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao Dasari and Charles Babin and Di Liu and Vadim Vorobyov and Matthias Niethammer and Matthias Widmann and Tobias Linkewitz and Izel Gediz and Rainer St\"{o}hr and Heiko B Weber and Takeshi Ohshima and Misagh Ghezellou and Nguyen Tien Son and Jawad Ul-Hassan and Florian Kaiser and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0046563},

doi = {10.1063/5.0046563},

issn = {0003-6951},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-01},

journal = {Applied Physics Letters},

volume = {118},

number = {14},

pages = {144003},

abstract = {Optically active solid-state spin registers have demonstrated their unique potential in quantum computing, communication, and sensing. Realizing scalability and increasing application complexity require entangling multiple individual systems, e.g., via photon interference in an optical network. However, most solid-state emitters show relatively broad spectral distributions, which hinders optical interference experiments. Here, we demonstrate that silicon vacancy centers in semiconductor silicon carbide (SiC) provide a remarkably small natural distribution of their optical absorption/emission lines despite an elevated defect concentration of ≈0.43 μm−3. In particular, without any external tuning mechanism, we show that only 13 defects have to be investigated until at least two optical lines overlap within the lifetime-limited linewidth. Moreover, we identify emitters with overlapping emission profiles within diffraction-limited excitation spots, for which we introduce simplified schemes for the generation of computationally relevant Greenberger\textendashHorne\textendashZeilinger and cluster states. Our results underline the potential of the CMOS-compatible SiC platform toward realizing networked quantum technology applications.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Son2020,

title = {Developing silicon carbide for quantum spintronics},

author = {Nguyen T Son and Christopher P Anderson and Alexandre Bourassa and Kevin C Miao and Charles Babin and Matthias Widmann and Matthias Niethammer and Jawad Ul Hassan and Naoya Morioka and Ivan G Ivanov and Florian Kaiser and Joerg Wrachtrup and David D Awschalom},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0004454},

doi = {10.1063/5.0004454},

issn = {0003-6951},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-01},

journal = {Applied Physics Letters},

volume = {116},

number = {19},

pages = {190501},

abstract = {In current long-distance communications, classical information carried by large numbers of particles is intrinsically robust to some transmission losses but can, therefore, be eavesdropped without notice. On the other hand, quantum communications can provide provable privacy and could make use of entanglement swapping via quantum repeaters to mitigate transmission losses. To this end, considerable effort has been spent over the last few decades toward developing quantum repeaters that combine long-lived quantum memories with a source of indistinguishable single photons. Multiple candidate optical spin qubits in the solid state, including quantum dots, rare-earth ions, and color centers in diamond and silicon carbide (SiC), have been developed. In this perspective, we give a brief overview on recent advances in developing optically active spin qubits in SiC and discuss challenges in applications for quantum repeaters and possible solutions. In view of the development of different material platforms, the perspective of SiC spin qubits in scalable quantum networks is discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Widmann2019,

title = {Electrical Charge State Manipulation of Single Silicon Vacancies in a Silicon Carbide Quantum Optoelectronic Device},

author = {Matthias Widmann and Matthias Niethammer and Dmitry Yu. Fedyanin and Igor A Khramtsov and Torsten Rendler and Ian D Booker and Jawad Ul Hassan and Naoya Morioka and Yu-Chen Chen and Ivan G Ivanov and Nguyen Tien Son and Takeshi Ohshima and Michel Bockstedte and Adam Gali and Cristian Bonato and Sang-Yun Lee and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02774},

doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02774},

issn = {1530-6984},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-01},

journal = {Nano Letters},

volume = {19},

number = {10},

pages = {7173\textendash7180},

publisher = {American Chemical Society},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chen2019,

title = {Laser Writing of Scalable Single Color Centers in Silicon Carbide},

author = {Yu-Chen Chen and Patrick S Salter and Matthias Niethammer and Matthias Widmann and Florian Kaiser and Roland Nagy and Naoya Morioka and Charles Babin and J\"{u}rgen Erlekampf and Patrick Berwian and Martin J Booth and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05070},

doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05070},

issn = {1530-6984},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-04-01},

journal = {Nano Letters},

volume = {19},

number = {4},

issue = {4},

pages = {2377\textendash2383},

publisher = {American Chemical Society},

note = {doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05070},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Niethammer2019,

title = {Coherent electrical readout of defect spins in silicon carbide by photo-ionization at ambient conditions},

author = {Matthias Niethammer and Matthias Widmann and Torsten Rendler and Naoya Morioka and Yu-Chen Chen and Rainer St\"{o}hr and Jawad Ul Hassan and Shinobu Onoda and Takeshi Ohshima and Sang-Yun Lee and Amlan Mukherjee and Junichi Isoya and Nguyen Tien Son and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13545-z},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-13545-z},

issn = {2041-1723},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {5569},

abstract = {Quantum technology relies on proper hardware, enabling coherent quantum state control as well as efficient quantum state readout. In this regard, wide-bandgap semiconductors are an emerging material platform with scalable wafer fabrication methods, hosting several promising spin-active point defects. Conventional readout protocols for defect spins rely on fluorescence detection and are limited by a low photon collection efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a photo-electrical detection technique for electron spins of silicon vacancy ensembles in the 4H polytype of silicon carbide (SiC). Further, we show coherent spin state control, proving that this electrical readout technique enables detection of coherent spin motion. Our readout works at ambient conditions, while other electrical readout approaches are often limited to low temperatures or high magnetic fields. Considering the excellent maturity of SiC electronics with the outstanding coherence properties of SiC defects, the approach presented here holds promises for scalability of future SiC quantum devices.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nagy2019,

title = {High-fidelity spin and optical control of single silicon-vacancy centres in silicon carbide},

author = {Roland Nagy and Matthias Niethammer and Matthias Widmann and Yu-Chen Chen and P\'{e}ter Udvarhelyi and Cristian Bonato and Jawad Ul Hassan and Robin Karhu and Ivan G Ivanov and Nguyen Tien Son and Jeronimo R Maze and Takeshi Ohshima and \"{O}ney O Soykal and \'{A}d\'{a}m Gali and Sang-Yun Lee and Florian Kaiser and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09873-9},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-09873-9},

issn = {2041-1723},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {1954},

abstract = {Scalable quantum networking requires quantum systems with quantum processing capabilities. Solid state spin systems with reliable spin\textendashoptical interfaces are a leading hardware in this regard. However, available systems suffer from large electron\textendashphonon interaction or fast spin dephasing. Here, we demonstrate that the negatively charged silicon-vacancy centre in silicon carbide is immune to both drawbacks. Thanks to its 4A2 symmetry in ground and excited states, optical resonances are stable with near-Fourier-transform-limited linewidths, allowing exploitation of the spin selectivity of the optical transitions. In combination with millisecond-long spin coherence times originating from the high-purity crystal, we demonstrate high-fidelity optical initialization and coherent spin control, which we exploit to show coherent coupling to single nuclear spins with ∼1 kHz resolution. The summary of our findings makes this defect a prime candidate for realising memory-assisted quantum network applications using semiconductor-based spin-to-photon interfaces and coherently coupled nuclear spins.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Widmann2018b,

title = {Bright single photon sources in lateral silicon carbide light emitting diodes},

author = {Matthias Widmann and Matthias Niethammer and Takahiro Makino and Torsten Rendler and Stefan Lasse and Takeshi Ohshima and Jawad Ul Hassan and Nguyen Tien Son and Sang-Yun Lee and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5032291},

doi = {10.1063/1.5032291},

issn = {0003-6951},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-06-01},

journal = {Applied Physics Letters},

volume = {112},

number = {23},

pages = {231103},

abstract = {Single-photon emitting devices have been identified as an important building block for applications in quantum information and quantum communication. They allow us to transduce and collect quantum information over a long distance via photons as so-called flying qubits. In addition, substrates like silicon carbide provide an excellent material platform for electronic devices. In this work, we combine these two features and show that one can drive single photon emitters within a silicon carbide p-i-n-diode. To achieve this, we specifically designed a lateral oriented diode. We find a variety of new color centers emitting non-classical lights in the visible and near-infrared range. One type of emitter can be electrically excited, demonstrating that silicon carbide can act as an ideal platform for electrically controllable single photon sources.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Widmann2018,

title = {Faraday Filtering on the Cs-D1-Line for Quantum Hybrid Systems},

author = {M Widmann and S L Portalupi and P Michler and J Wrachtrup and I Gerhardt},

doi = {10.1109/LPT.2018.2871770},

issn = {VO - 30},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Photonics Technology Letters},

volume = {30},

number = {24},

issue = {24},

pages = {2083\textendash2086},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Widmann2018a,

title = {Bright single photon sources in lateral silicon carbide light emitting diodes},

author = {Matthias Widmann and Matthias Niethammer and Takahiro Makino and Torsten Rendler and Stefan Lasse and Takeshi Ohshima and Jawad Ul Hassan and Nguyen Tien Son and Sang-Yun Lee and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5032291},

doi = {10.1063/1.5032291},

issn = {0003-6951},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Applied Physics Letters},

volume = {112},

number = {23},

issue = {23},

pages = {231103},

abstract = {Single-photon emitting devices have been identified as an important building block for applications in quantum information and quantum communication. They allow us to transduce and collect quantum information over a long distance via photons as so-called flying qubits. In addition, substrates like silicon carbide provide an excellent material platform for electronic devices. In this work, we combine these two features and show that one can drive single photon emitters within a silicon carbide p-i-n-diode. To achieve this, we specifically designed a lateral oriented diode. We find a variety of new color centers emitting non-classical lights in the visible and near-infrared range. One type of emitter can be electrically excited, demonstrating that silicon carbide can act as an ideal platform for electrically controllable single photon sources.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Konzelmann2018,

title = {Robust and efficient quantum optimal control of spin probes in a complex (biological) environment. Towards sensing of fast temperature fluctuations},

author = {Philipp Konzelmann and Torsten Rendler and Ville Bergholm and Andrea Zappe and Veronika Pfannenstill and Marwa Garsi and Florestan Ziem and Matthias Niethammer and Matthias Widmann and Sang-Yun Lee and Philipp Neumann and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aaf315},

doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/aaf315},

issn = {1367-2630},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {New Journal of Physics},

volume = {20},

number = {12},

pages = {123013},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

abstract = {We present an optimized scheme for nanoscale measurements of temperature in a complex environment using the nitrogen-vacancy center in nanodiamonds (NDs). To this end we combine a Ramsey measurement for temperature determination with advanced optimal control theory. We test our new design on single nitrogen-vacancy centers in bulk diamond and fixed NDs, achieving better readout signal than with common soft or hard microwave control pulses. We demonstrate temperature readout using rotating NDs in an agarose matrix. Our method opens the way to measure temperature fluctuations in complex biological environment. The used principle is universal and not restricted to temperature sensing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nagy2017,

title = {Quantum properties of dichroic silicon vacancies in silicon carbide},

author = {Roland Nagy and Matthias Widmann and Matthias Niethammer and Durga B. R. Dasari and Ilja Gerhardt and \"{O}ney O. Soykal and Marina Radulaski and Takeshi Ohshima and Jelena Vu\v{c}kovi\'{c} and Nguyen Tien Son and Ivan G. Ivanov and Sophia E. Economou and Cristian Bonato and Sang-Yun Lee and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.02715},

doi = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.9.034022},

issn = {2331-7019},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Physical Review Applied},

volume = {034022},

pages = {25\textendash27},

abstract = {The controlled generation and manipulation of atom-like defects in solids has a wide range of applications in quantum technology. Although various defect centres have displayed promise as either quantum sensors, single photon emitters or light-matter interfaces, the search for an ideal defect with multi-functional ability remains open. In this spirit, we investigate here the optical and spin properties of the V1 defect centre, one of the silicon vacancy defects in the 4H polytype of silicon carbide (SiC). The V1 centre in 4H-SiC features two well-distinguishable sharp optical transitions and a unique S=3/2 electronic spin, which holds promise to implement a robust spin-photon interface. Here, we investigate the V1 defect at low temperatures using optical excitation and magnetic resonance techniques. The measurements, which are performed on ensemble, as well as on single centres, prove that this centre combines coherent optical emission, with up to 40% of the radiation emitted into the zero-phonon line (ZPL), a strong optical spin signal and long spin coherence time. These results single out the V1 defect in SiC as a promising system for spin-based quantum technologies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{RadulaskiWidmann2017,

title = {Scalable Quantum Photonics with Single Color Centers in Silicon Carbide},

author = {Marina Radulaski and Matthias Widmann and Matthias Niethammer and Jingyuan Linda Zhang and Sang-Yun Lee and Torsten Rendler and Konstantinos G Lagoudakis and Nguyen Tien Son and Erik Janzen and Takeshi Ohshima and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup and Jelena Vu\v{c}kovi\'{c}},

url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05102},

doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05102},

issn = {1530-6984},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Nano letters},

volume = {17},

number = {3},

issue = {3},

pages = {1782\textendash1786},

abstract = {Silicon carbide is a promising platform for single photon sources, quantum bits (qubits) and nanoscale sensors based on individual color centers. Towards this goal, we develop a scalable array of nanopillars incorporating single silicon vacancy centers in 4H-SiC, readily available for efficient interfacing with free-space objective and lensed-fibers. A commercially obtained substrate is irradiated with 2 MeV electron beams to create vacancies. Subsequent lithographic process forms 800 nm tall nanopillars with 400-1,400 nm diameters. We obtain high collection efficiency, up to 22 kcounts/s optical saturation rates from a single silicon vacancy center, while preserving the single photon emission and the optically induced electron-spin polarization properties. Our study demonstrates silicon carbide as a readily available platform for scalable quantum photonics architecture relying on single photon sources and qubits.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Niethammer2016,

title = {Vector Magnetometry Using Silicon Vacancies in $4H$-SiC Under Ambient Conditions},

author = {Matthias Niethammer and Matthias Widmann and Sang-Yun Lee and Pontus Stenberg and Olof Kordina and Takeshi Ohshima and Nguyen Tien Son and Erik Janz\'{e}n and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.034001},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-09-01},

journal = {Physical Review Applied},

volume = {6},

number = {3},

issue = {3},

pages = {34001},

publisher = {American Physical Society},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Portalupi2016,

title = {Simultaneous Faraday filtering of the Mollow triplet sidebands with the Cs-D1 clock transition},

author = {Simone Luca Portalupi and Matthias Widmann and Cornelius Nawrath and Michael Jetter and Peter Michler and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup and Ilja Gerhardt},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13632},

doi = {10.1038/ncomms13632},

issn = {2041-1723},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {13632},

abstract = {Hybrid quantum systems integrating semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and atomic vapours become important building blocks for scalable quantum networks due to the complementary strengths of individual parts. QDs provide on-demand single-photon emission with near-unity indistinguishability comprising unprecedented brightness\textemdashwhile atomic vapour systems provide ultra-precise frequency standards and promise long coherence times for the storage of qubits. Spectral filtering is one of the key components for the successful link between QD photons and atoms. Here we present a tailored Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter based on the caesium-D1 transition for interfacing it with a resonantly pumped QD. The presented Faraday filter enables a narrow-bandwidth (Δω=2π × 1 GHz) simultaneous filtering of both Mollow triplet sidebands. This result opens the way to use QDs as sources of single as well as cascaded photons in photonic quantum networks aligned to the primary frequency standard of the caesium clock transition.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Widmann2015a,

title = {Coherent control of single spins in silicon carbide at room temperature},

author = {Matthias Widmann and Sang-Yun Lee and Torsten Rendler and Nguyen Tien Son and Helmut Fedder and Seoyoung Paik and Li-Ping Yang and Nan Zhao and Sen Yang and Ian Booker and Andrej Denisenko and Mohammad Jamali and S Ali Momenzadeh and Ilja Gerhardt and Takeshi Ohshima and Adam Gali and Erik Janz\'{e}n and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4145},

doi = {10.1038/nmat4145},

issn = {1476-1122},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-02-01},

urldate = {2015-02-01},

journal = {Nature materials},

volume = {14},

number = {February},

issue = {February},

pages = {164\textendash168},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {Spins in solids are cornerstone elements of quantum spintronics. Leading contenders such as defects in diamond or individual phosphorus dopants in silicon have shown spectacular progress, but either lack established nanotechnology or an efficient spin/photon interface. Silicon carbide (SiC) combines the strength of both systems: it has a large bandgap with deep defects and benefits from mature fabrication techniques. Here, we report the characterization of photoluminescence and optical spin polarization from single silicon vacancies in SiC, and demonstrate that single spins can be addressed at room temperature. We show coherent control of a single defect spin and find long spin coherence times under ambient conditions. Our study provides evidence that SiC is a promising system for atomic-scale spintronics and quantum technology.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Uhland2015,

title = {Single Molecule DNA Detection with an Atomic Vapor Notch Filter},

author = {Denis Uhland and Torsten Rendler and Matthias Widmann and Sang-Yun Lee and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup and Ilja Gerhardt},

url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.07568},

doi = {10.1140/epjqt/s40507-015-0033-1},

issn = {2196-0763},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Pre-print arXiv:1502.07568},

pages = {9},

publisher = {Uhland et al.},

abstract = {The detection of single molecules has facilitated many advances in life- and material-sciences. Commonly, it founds on the fluorescence detection of single molecules, which are for example attached to the structures under study. For fluorescence microscopy and sensing the crucial parameters are the collection and detection efficiency, such that photons can be discriminated with low background from a labeled sample. Here we show a scheme for filtering the excitation light in the optical detection of single stranded labeled DNA molecules. We use the narrow-band filtering properties of a hot atomic vapor to filter the excitation light from the emitted fluorescence of a single emitter. The choice of atomic sodium allows for the use of fluorescent dyes, which are common in life-science. This scheme enables efficient photon detection, and a statistical analysis proves an enhancement of the optical signal of more than 15% in a confocal and in a wide-field configuration.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Yang2014,

title = {Electron spin decoherence in silicon carbide nuclear spin bath},

author = {Li-Ping Yang and Christian Burk and Matthias Widmann and Sang-Yun Lee and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup and Nan Zhao},

url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.241203},

doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.90.241203},

issn = {1098-0121},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Physical Review B},

volume = {90},

pages = {1\textendash6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lee2013,

title = {Readout and control of a single nuclear spin with a metastable electron spin ancilla},

author = {Sang-Yun Lee and Matthias Widmann and Torsten Rendler and Marcus W Doherty and Thomas M Babinec and Sen Yang and Moritz Eyer and Petr Siyushev and Birgit J M Hausmann and Marko Loncar and Zolt\'{a}n Bodrog and Adam Gali and Neil B Manson and Helmut Fedder and J\"{o}rg Wrachtrup},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.104 http://10.0.4.14/nnano.2013.104 https://www.nature.com/articles/nnano.2013.104#supplementary-information},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-06-01},

journal = {Nature Nanotechnology},

volume = {8},

pages = {487},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}